AGP Executive Report

Agriculture: IFAD warns that a developing El Niño could bring drought and lower crop yields across a corridor that includes Sudan, adding to pressure from high energy and fertiliser costs. Trade: A Sudanese exhibitor showcased food and agricultural products at China’s CIIE, where African businesses are seeking to benefit from China’s zero-tariff access for African countries. Farm Costs: Fuel shortages in El Gezira have damaged maize crops as petrol prices put irrigation beyond farmers’ reach; rising food and transport costs are adding pressure on households, while bakery strikes disrupted bread supplies in North Kordofan. Energy: Drone attacks have damaged Sudan’s power infrastructure, with a four-day blackout in White Nile disrupting hospital services and livelihoods. Manufacturing: Sudanese factories are struggling to restart after wartime losses, as shortages and damaged infrastructure hinder industrial recovery. Food Supply: Russia’s Grain Association says Sudan imported about 1.5 million tonnes of Russian grain in January–September, nearly 50% more than a year earlier.

Export Opportunities: A Sudanese exhibitor showcased food and agricultural products at China’s CIIE, where African firms are expanding as China’s zero-tariff access for 53 African countries opens new market opportunities. Farm and Food Pressures: Petrol shortages have damaged maize crops in Gezira as fuel costs squeeze irrigation; rising staple prices and a bakery strike in El Obeid are adding pressure on food supplies. Power and Production: Drone strikes have damaged power infrastructure, while Sudanese factories struggle to restart after wartime losses. Grain Supply: Sudan imported about 1.5 million tonnes of Russian grain in January–September, nearly 50% more than a year earlier, as conflict disrupts local production.

Agriculture and Food: Fuel shortages in El Gezira are damaging maize crops as petrol prices soar, while rising food and transport costs strain households. A bakery strike in North Kordofan has disrupted bread supplies. Power and Industry: Drone attacks have damaged power substations and cut electricity and water in Damazin, adding to blackouts and disruptions to essential services. Sudanese factories are still struggling to restart after heavy wartime losses. Fuel Markets: Calls to cancel licences for filling stations that fail to sell subsidised petrol highlight persistent supply problems, while allegations of a parallel fuel market in Wad Madani point to wider distribution challenges. Food Supply: Russia nearly doubled grain deliveries to Sudan over the season, offering a boost to imports as local production faces mounting pressure.

Power and Utilities: Drone strikes have damaged substations and targeted power plants, disrupting electricity and water supplies. Sudanese forces say they detected more than 180 drones in two months; outages are also hampering hospitals, fuel deliveries and agriculture. Shelter and Local Trade: UN agencies warn that funding shortages are limiting emergency shelter support: 15.4 million people need assistance, while 936,000 have received it. Without secure homes and functioning services, families returning to damaged communities may struggle to earn and spend locally. Manufacturing: Sudanese factories are struggling to restart after severe wartime losses, a setback for production and jobs. Trade Links: Sudanese products, including coffee and handicrafts, were featured at China’s Yiwu trade exhibition, offering local exporters a route to reach buyers in a major consumer market.

Power & Utilities: Satellite imagery points to fire damage at four substations in Northern, River Nile and Kassala states after reported drone attacks, adding pressure to an already strained grid. Sudanese forces say more than 19 power plants were attacked in the past week; strikes have disrupted water and electricity, hampered hospitals and agriculture, and stalled aid trucks. Water Services: UNICEF says attacks damaging water and sanitation systems tripled globally from 2021 to 2025, while its Sudan report notes just one of Khartoum State’s 13 treatment plants was operating. Households & Local Trade: UN agencies warn that shelter shortages threaten household incomes, local businesses and essential services. With 15.4 million people needing emergency shelter supplies, funding allows aid groups to prioritize only about one in ten. Manufacturing & Trade: Sudanese factories are struggling to restart after heavy wartime losses. Sudanese firms also showcased products including coffee, tea and handicrafts at a China-Africa trade exhibition in Yiwu, offering a route to reach new buyers.

Power Infrastructure: Satellite imagery points to fire damage at four substations in Northern, River Nile and Kassala states after reported drone strikes. Sudanese forces say more than 19 power plants were attacked in the past week, disrupting electricity and water, fuel supplies and agricultural activity. Water and Services: UNICEF says attacks damaging water and sanitation systems tripled globally between 2021 and 2025; in Sudan, strikes on essential infrastructure add to pressure on communities and businesses already facing unreliable services. Manufacturing: Sudanese factories are struggling to restart after severe wartime losses, underscoring the scale of the challenge to restoring production. Trade: Sudanese businesses showcased coffee, tea, wine, skincare products and handicrafts at the China-Africa trade exhibition in Yiwu, offering local exporters a route to reach Chinese buyers.

Power and Industry: Sudanese forces say more than 180 drones were detected in two months, as attacks on power plants, fuel sites and water facilities disrupted services across several states. The strikes have also hampered hospitals, aid deliveries and agriculture. Trade Links: Sudanese products featured among African goods at the China-Africa trade exhibition that opened in Yiwu on November 6, offering exporters a route to Chinese buyers. Mining and Border Security: Egypt says two border guard officers were killed in its crackdown on illegal gold mining near Sudan; the campaign has detained hundreds and seized mining equipment. Gold smuggling has grown as Sudan’s war disrupts livelihoods. Pakistan Ties: During Sudan’s interior minister’s visit, Pakistan’s prime minister voiced interest in expanding trade and investment, including cooperation in agriculture.

Power and Utilities: Reported RSF drone strikes on Damazin cut electricity and water, disrupted markets and worsened fuel shortages. The attacks add to mounting damage to Sudan’s power network, threatening essential services and industrial activity. Industrial Recovery: Sudanese factories are struggling to restart after devastating wartime losses, with unreliable power and costly fuel adding to the challenge. Fuel Markets: Army personnel have been accused of controlling a parallel fuel market in Wad Madani as prices soar, while long queues and high costs continue to weigh on businesses and households. Trade Links: Pakistan says it wants to expand trade and investment with Sudan, including in agriculture. Separately, Sudan’s industry and trade minister discussed updating trade agreements and improving customs and border coordination with regional counterparts at a meeting in Istanbul.

Power and Production: Drone attacks have damaged at least 15 substations since early October, threatening Sudan’s already fragile electricity network and disrupting essential services. The outages add pressure on manufacturers struggling to restore operations after years of war. Factory Recovery: About 1,800 industrial facilities have been damaged, including 650 destroyed, according to the Industry Ministry. One Khartoum sweets factory is running at just 40% of its former capacity after losing machinery and spare parts. Trade and Investment: Sudan’s industry and trade minister met counterparts from Libya, Niger and Chad in Istanbul to discuss updating trade agreements, coordinating customs procedures and improving cross-border commerce. Pakistan also signalled interest in expanding trade and investment ties with Sudan, including cooperation in agriculture. Energy and Mining: Sudan and Russia are exploring joint oil-field projects, while Sudan has offered Russia sites for gold and copper investment and discussed a possible Red Sea free economic zone.

Trade & Investment: Pakistan and Sudan discussed expanding bilateral trade and investment, with agriculture among the sectors identified for closer cooperation during Sudan’s interior minister’s visit. Manufacturing: Sudan’s factories are struggling to recover from wartime damage: about 1,800 industrial facilities have been hit, including 650 destroyed. One Khartoum sweets factory is operating at just 40% capacity after losses of $1 million. Power & Utilities: Attacks on electricity infrastructure are disrupting services and businesses. A four-day blackout in El Dueim affected hospital care, workshops and small businesses. Agriculture: African rice producers are focusing on better seeds, irrigation, processing and market access; Sudan’s application to join the Africa Rice Center is under consideration.

Manufacturing: Sudan’s factories are struggling to restart after wartime losses. The Industry Ministry says about 1,800 facilities were damaged, including 650 destroyed; one Khartoum sweets factory is running at just 40% capacity after losing machinery and parts. Power and Services: Drone attacks on electricity infrastructure have disrupted water supplies and businesses. In White Nile State, a four-day blackout halted workshops and burdened hospitals and daily-wage workers. Agriculture and Rice: AfricaRice’s meeting in Abidjan is focusing on stronger seed quality, irrigation, processing and sales; the organization is also considering Sudan’s membership application. Fuel and Prices: Wad Madani residents report severe fuel shortages and soaring costs, with allegations that army personnel are controlling a parallel market. Food Supply: Russia nearly doubled grain deliveries to Sudan and Kenya over the season, offering a boost to supply as conflict and price pressures strain households.

Energy & Essential Services: Drone attacks on Sudan’s power network have caused outages, while the UN says strikes on energy and fuel supplies are disrupting hospitals, water services and transport. Fuel shortages have left aid trucks stranded and stopped dialysis for patients near Khartoum. Food Supply: A joint appeal by the US and 30 other governments says 19.5 million people face acute food insecurity. Conflict has damaged food production and supply chains, with drought adding to the pressure. Trade & Industry: Khartoum has reversed an import ban after what a report described as a failed experiment, reopening imports amid economic strain. Investment: Sudan and Russia are discussing joint oilfield projects; Sudan has also offered sites for gold and copper mining and floated a Red Sea free economic zone. These remain proposals. Agriculture & Trade: Russia nearly doubled grain supplies to Sudan and Kenya over the season, offering a boost to supply as local production and markets face disruption.

Power & Utilities: Drone strikes have hit substations across several states, cutting electricity in Kassala and damaging infrastructure elsewhere. The repeated attacks threaten Sudan’s already fragile power grid and disrupt services and businesses. Food & Agriculture: Russia says grain shipments to Sudan more than doubled over the past season, while rising production costs are pushing up bread prices. Khartoum has also reversed an import ban after the policy failed. Energy & Mining: Russia and Sudan are discussing joint oilfield projects, and Sudan’s leader says sites for Russian investment in gold and copper mining will be offered; a Red Sea free economic zone was also raised at their talks. Reconstruction & Trade: Türkiye is exploring a role for its contractors in Sudan’s reconstruction, as trade officials discussed investment and commercial cooperation.

Power & Energy: Drone strikes on substations in Kassala cut electricity across the state, with further attacks reported on power and fuel facilities. Monitors say the damage adds to a widening threat to Sudan’s grid. Reconstruction & Trade: Türkiye and Sudan discussed potential roles for Turkish contractors in reconstruction, while Egypt and Sudan agreed to work on repairing war-damaged water infrastructure. Investment: Russia and Sudan are pursuing joint oil-field projects; Sudan’s leader also said the country could offer Russia mining sites and a Red Sea free economic zone. Food & Agriculture: Rising production costs are pushing up bread prices, while drought, erratic rainfall and displacement are driving farmers and herders toward harmful coping strategies. Water Security: Egypt and Sudan again rejected unilateral management of Ethiopia’s dam and reaffirmed that their water security is linked.

Shipping Security: Turkish-flagged merchant ships face the highest security alert in 14 high-risk areas, including Sudan’s waters, as Ankara warns crews they can refuse unsafe work. Nile and Water: Egypt and Sudan rejected Ethiopia’s unilateral dam management and discussed assessing alleged economic, environmental and social damage, while reaffirming their water rights under the 1959 agreement. Power Grid: Drone strikes have hit about 15 electricity facilities since October 20, including substations in Kassala, River Nile and Northern states, causing widespread outages. Khartoum accuses the RSF and alleges drones were launched from Ethiopian territory; Ethiopia had not responded to the latest complaints. Business Climate: War has sharply reduced Sudan’s industrial and agricultural production, while currency losses and higher import costs push up prices for food and fuel. Energy Investment: Sudan and Russia have discussed joint oil-field projects, with Khartoum also offering sites for gold and copper mining and raising the prospect of a Red Sea free economic zone.

Power Infrastructure: Drone strikes hit New Halfa and Aroma substations in Kassala, adding to attacks on around 15 power facilities in a week. Outages are disrupting water supplies, businesses, hospitals and agricultural projects, while Sudan has accused Ethiopia of enabling attacks launched from its territory; Ethiopia has not responded. Prices and Production: War-driven declines in industrial and agricultural output, a sharply weakened pound and higher import costs are pushing up food and fuel prices, squeezing households and businesses. Investment and Trade: Sudan and Russia have discussed joint oil-field projects, gold and copper mining, and a possible Red Sea free economic zone. Russia also reported food exports to Sudan, one of its largest African buyers, as it explores wider agricultural trade and technology cooperation.